Graphite electrodes are indispensable components in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) and ladle furnaces, used extensively in metal smelting processes such as steel production, ferroalloy manufacturing, and recycling of metals. These electrodes conduct immense electrical currents to generate the heat necessary for melting scrap metal and refining alloys. Given their critical role, the lifespan of graphite electrodes directly impacts the operational efficiency, production costs, and environmental footprint of smelting facilities.
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